"Who is more likely" asks for a list of risk factors. The sources give less than a full list, and the exact phrases show where the claims stop.
The answer, as written
Cleveland Clinic states: "You may have a higher risk of getting toenail fungus if you have: Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)." People with athlete's foot are the group it names.
MedlinePlus points the same way: "Fungal nail infections often start after a fungal infection on the feet."
The wording that limits the answer
Look at the hedges. "May have a higher risk" is not "will get." "Often start" is not "always start." Both sentences describe a tendency, and neither one is a guarantee about any single person.
What to confirm, and with whom
A reader around Itasca who has athlete's foot and a changing nail should ask a podiatrist to look at both. Ask whether the nail changes come from fungus at all before paying for treatment aimed at fungus.
For further reading, the AAFP page on onychomycosis and the PubMed Central article Onychomycosis: Old and New are written for a more technical reader. The Cleveland Clinic page on onychomycosis and the MedlinePlus entry on fungal nail infection are the plainer ones.
The clause readers skip
The quoted line reads "if you have" athlete's foot. A foot infection that is treated or gone is a different situation from the one the sentence describes, so say which applies when you ask.